Nonclinical psychotic symptoms, sometimes referred to as psychosis-like symptoms (PLIKS), are commonly experienced in childhood1 and adulthood.
2 A wealth of research supports the theory that psychosis exists on a continuum3 and that subclinical psychotic-like symptoms in childhood significantly increase the risk of psychotic disorder and suicide in adulthood.1, 3, 4 Subclinical and clinical psychosis appear to share similar risk factors,3 which suggests that exploring the pathways to PLIKS during childhood may further our understanding of the etiology of psychosis.2, 4
Well-established psychosocial risk factors for psychosis include migration and urban upbringing.5, 6 Exposure to adversity such as socioeconomic disadvantage,7 family breakdown,8 and involvement in bullying9, 10 have also been associated with the development of this disorder. When considering the associations between urbanicity, residence change, and the development of psychosis in a Danish study, Pedersen and Mortensen6 observed that a change in municipality (rather than a change in address within the same municipality) led to an increased risk of psychosis. In Denmark, a change of municipality always leads to a change of school, which led the authors to speculate that the stress of changing schools might explain the increased risk of subsequent schizophrenia, that is, the urban risk may be partly explained by frequent change of schools.
https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(14)00095-1/fulltext
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